The Scrotum and Its Contents
On the surface of the scrotum can find yellow-appearing lesions that correspond to sebaceous cysts. Sometimes, the scrotum is presented very edematous and this is seen in diseases associated with water retention, as in the heart failure syndrome nephrotoxicity or hepatic cirrhosis.
The examination of the testicles is often found below the left than the right. To palpate it is presented in a manner to facilitate the review. For this we take a testicle between the middle and ring fingers of each hand, leaving the index finger and thumb free so they can feel the surface of the gland. Could also be palpated using the thumb, index and middle. When the muscle retracts the testicles cremasteriano the test is difficult and needs to pull a little testicle grab properly.
Should be suspected of any hardness or nodule on the surface of the testicle that may indicate the presence of cancer. If you have any doubt to be supplemented with an ultrasound examination.
Men should have the custom of the testes examined from time to time looking for the appearance of nodules. During a tub with hot water or shower can be a good time to carry out. A testicular cancer may manifest from small lesions, a larger mass, weight and consistency.
We should also examine the epididymis, vas deferens and spermatic cord. The epididymis is palpated as a cord that follows the posterolateral margin of the testes and is thicker in the upper pole. The vas deferens, when normal, are palpable as cords smooth, painless and are part of the spermatic cords. If a hernia inguinoescrotal, the volume on that side of the scrotum can be seen bulging.
Among the changes that can be found include:
Testicular cancer:
It manifests as a volume increase, which can be very localized (as a lentil) or form a lump, usually painless, which occurs most often in young adults between 15 and 30 years.
Cyst of the head of the epididymis or spermatocele: A cystic formation was palpable as a nodule on the head of the epididymis, beyond the limits of the testis. Overall, it is benign.
Hydrocele:
It is a volume increase due to accumulation of fluid in the tunica vaginalis is a membrane that surrounds the testis and usually leaves a virtual cavity. If a flashlight is based on the scrotal skin in the area of increased volume, there is a phenomenon consisting of transillumination light spreads over a large area for the accumulated fluid.
Orchitis
It is an acute inflammation of a testicle that can be seen in viral infectious diseases such as mumps, when it occurs in adolescents or adults. At first, the gland is enlarged and very sensitive, over time, once the inflammation resolves, may evolve into atrophy.
Epididymitis:
It is a painful inflammation of the epididymis and is associated with urinary tract infections or prostate. There chronic epididymitis developments related to infections such as tuberculosis.
Testicular torsion:
It is a surgical emergency in which the testicle rotates on its axis and can compromise the circulation of the gland. The testicle is retracted and palpation is extremely painful.
Hydatid twisted:
Is another condition that is accompanied by pain. A small nodule is palpated sensitive to the upper pole. It is more common to find in pubertal age children.
Varicocele
It is for varicose dilation of veins pampiniform plexus of the spermatic cord. It is most common on the left side, with the patient standing. May be associated with decreased fertility.
Cryptorchidism:
It is a condition in which a testicle failed to descend into the scrotum and was in the inguinal canal or within the abdomen. These testes atrophy and eventually have a greater tendency to develop cancer.
Conditions under which children are testicles are cryptorchidism, orchitis sequel, for intake of estrogen, liver cirrhosis or chromosomal abnormalities (Klinefelter syndrome).
It is a volume increase in scrotal hydrocele inguinoscrotal hernias, tumors, inflammation and edema pictures.
